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Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2001) - Madagascar (2001)
Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2001) z Madagascar (2001)
| Holy See (Vatican City) (2001) | Madagascar (2001) | |
-2001-bmala.jpg) |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years:
45.02% (male 3,607,803; female 3,587,532) 15-64 years: 51.77% (male 4,093,720; female 4,180,430) 65 years and over: 3.21% (male 239,839; female 273,239) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products |
| Airports | none | 130 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
29 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
101 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 56 under 914 m: 43 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
587,040 sq km land: 581,540 sq km water: 5,500 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly less than twice the size of Arizona |
| Background | Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Vatican and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include the failing health of Pope John Paul II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the adjustment of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. | Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1886, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997 in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. |
| Birth rate | - | 42.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$209.6 million expenditures: $198.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997) |
revenues:
$553 million expenditures: $735 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) |
| Capital | Vatican City | Antananarivo |
| Climate | temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) | tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 4,828 km |
| Constitution | Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968) | 19 August 1992 by national referendum |
| Country name | conventional long form:
The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) |
conventional long form:
Republic of Madagascar conventional short form: Madagascar local long form: Republique de Madagascar local short form: Madagascar former: Malagasy Republic |
| Currency | Italian lira (ITL); euro (EUR) | Malagasy franc (MGF) |
| Death rate | - | 12.42 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $4.4 billion (1999) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant) embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00162 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box F, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 5758346 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Shirley E. BARNES embassy: 14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo mailing address: B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo telephone: [261] (20) 22-212-57 FAX: [261] (20) 22-345-39 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriele MONTALVO chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Zina ANDRIANARIVELO-RAZAFY chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-5525, 5526 consulate(s) general: New York |
| Disputes - international | none | claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island (all administered by France) |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | $838 million (1997) |
| Economy - overview | This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. | Madagascar faces problems of chronic malnutrition, underfunded health and education facilities, a roughly 3% annual population growth rate, and severe loss of forest cover, accompanied by erosion. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for 30% of GDP and contributing more than 70% to export earnings. Industry features textile manufacturing and the processing of agricultural products. Growth in output in 1992-97 averaged less than the growth rate of the population. Growth has been held back by antigovernment strikes and demonstrations, a decline in world coffee prices, and the erratic commitment of the government to economic reform. The extent of government reforms, outside financial aid, and foreign investment will be key determinants of future growth. For 2001, growth should again be about 5%. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 753.3 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 810 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel:
37.04% hydro: 62.96% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m |
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification |
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Italians, Swiss, other | Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Vatican lire per US dollar - 2,099 (2000), 1817.2 (1999), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996); note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira; the Vatican will start using euros in 2002 in conjunction with Italy at a fixed rate of 1,936.17 lire per euro | Malagasy francs per US dollar - 6,656.3 (November 2000), 6,283.8 (1999), 5,441.4 (1998), 5,090.9 (1997), 4,061.3 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope |
chief of state:
President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVO (since NA 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA November 2001); prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly election results: Didier RATSIRAKA elected president; percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (AFFA) 49.3% |
| Exports | - | $538 million (f.o.b., 1998) |
| Exports - commodities | - | coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar; cotton cloth, chromite, petroleum products |
| Exports - partners | - | France 41%, US 19%, Germany 13%, UK 8%, Japan 6% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture:
30% industry: 14% services: 56% (1999 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $800 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 4.8% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 41 54 N, 12 27 E | 20 00 S, 47 00 E |
| Geography - note | urban; landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights | world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel |
| Heliports | 1 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | none; all city streets | total:
49,837 km paved: 5,781 km unpaved: 44,056 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
1.9% highest 10%: 36.7% (1993) |
| Illicit drugs | - | illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin |
| Imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | $693 million (f.o.b., 1998) |
| Imports - commodities | - | intermediate manufactures, capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food |
| Imports - partners | - | France 34%, Hong Kong 6%, China 6%, Japan 5%, Singapore 4% (1999) |
| Independence | 11 February 1929 (from Italy) | 26 June 1960 (from France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | 3% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities | meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 83.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 10% (1999 est.) |
| International organization participation | CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, Intelsat, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WHO (observer), WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer) | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 93 (Holy See and Italy) (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1993) | 10,870 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | none; normally handled by Italy | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle |
| Labor force | NA | 7 million (1999) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican | - |
| Land boundaries | total:
3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (urban area) |
arable land:
4% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 41% forests and woodland: 40% other: 14% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages | French (official), Malagasy (official) |
| Legal system | NA | based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Pontifical Commission | unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the legislature is scheduled to become a bicameral Parliament with the establishment of a Senate; two-thirds of the seats of this Senate will be filled by regional assemblies whose members will be elected by popular vote; the remaining one-third of the seats will be appointed by the president; the total number of seats will be determined by the National Assembly; all members will serve four-year terms
elections: National Assembly - last held 17 May 1998 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AREMA 63, LEADER/Fanilo 16, AVI 14, RPSD 11, AFFA 6, MFM 3, AKFM/Fanavaozana 3, GRAD/Iloafo 1, Fihaonana 1, independents 32 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
55.35 years male: 53.08 years female: 57.68 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 80% male: 88% female: 73% (1990 est.) |
| Location | Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) | Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique |
| Map references | Europe | Africa |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | contiguous zone:
24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or 100 NM from the 2,500-m deep isobath exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | total:
13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,819 GRT/34,173 DWT ships by type: cargo 7, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope | - |
| Military branches | - | Popular Armed Forces (includes Intervention Forces, Development Forces, Aeronaval Forces - includes Navy and Air Force), Gendarmerie, Presidential Security Regiment |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $29 million (FY94) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1% (FY94) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
3,640,554 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
2,159,767 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 20 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
153,856 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978) | Independence Day, 26 June (1960) |
| Nationality | noun:
none adjective: none |
noun:
Malagasy (singular and plural) adjective: Malagasy |
| Natural hazards | NA | periodic cyclones |
| Natural resources | none | graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | - | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | Action, Truth, Development, and Harmony or AFFA [Professor Albert ZAFY]; Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [leader vacant]; Congress Party for Malagasy Independence or AKFM/Fanavaozana; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Rally or Fihaonana [Guy RAZANAMASY]; Group of Reflection and Action for the Development of Madagascar or GRAD/Iloafo; Judged by Your Work or AVI [Norbert RATSIRAHONANA]; Movement for the Progress of Madagascar or MFM [Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]; Tranobe (Big House) [Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) | Federalist Movement; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM |
| Population | 890 (July 2001 est.) | 15,982,563 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 70% (1994 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.15% (2001 est.) | 3.02% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none | Antsiranana, Antsohimbondrona, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998) | AM 2 (plus 8 repeater stations), FM 7, shortwave 5 (1998) |
| Radios | NA | 3.05 million (1997) |
| Railways | total:
862 m; note - a spur of the Italian Railways system, serving Rome's Saint Peter's station standard gauge: 862 m 1.435-m gauge (1999) |
total:
883 km narrow gauge: 883 km 1.000-m gauge (1994) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic | indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | limited to cardinals less than 80 years old | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
automatic exchange domestic: tied into Italian system international: uses Italian system |
general assessment:
system is above average for the region domestic: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links international: submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 43,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 4,000 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1996) | 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (1997) |
| Terrain | low hill | narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center |
| Total fertility rate | - | 5.8 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA% |
| Waterways | none | note:
of local importance only |
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